Following display:
-3σ =
_
X - 3σ = lower regulation or intervention limit
+3σ =
_
X + 3σ = upper regulation or intervention limit
-NG = number of stored values smaller than lower tolerance
+NG = number of stored values greater than upper tolerance
%Def = percentage of defective stored values =
Cp = process capability =
Cm = machine capability = s given for a sample at time t.
A high Cp will indicate a small dispersion of measured values inside the tolerances:
High Cp Low Cp:
Cmk = center capability = the smaller value of the 2 formulas and
Cpk = process capability in relation to spec mean = the smaller value of and
Cmk/Cpk will formulate capability in a manner that indicates shifts (skewing) in the mean of the distribution away from
the midpoint:
Good Cmk/Cpk: Poor Cmk/Cpk:
Cp >= 1.33 corresponds to a capable process
Note: some users require a Cp >= 1.66 which corresponds to 10.
These indices of capability are certainly an efficient way of taking decisions but their importance must not be exaggera-
ted. Without process analysis, i.e. without knowing the dispersion, random factors and system influences, the indices
are only of limited value and may lead to erroneous decisions being taken.
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